How the chain works
The lithography producer builds machines from modules. First-tier system suppliers build the modules from parts. Below them, many companies in precision machining, mechatronics, optics and cleanroom services supply the parts, often in relationships that last decades. New suppliers usually enter at one tier. A supplier qualifies with a tier-one company and does reliable work, which can lead to work at a higher tier. Being close to the chain is important, so many suppliers set up their own site in Brainport.
Export controls and screening
Semiconductor equipment falls under export controls. What may be shipped where is set by the dual-use rules and national licensing. Companies in the chain check their partners before they work with them. A Dutch company with clear ownership, documented compliance and named end uses passes that check more easily than a foreign company with paperwork only. The same substance file is important here too. See the standard.
The local entity
The usual setup is a Dutch BV with a site in Brainport. The BV often starts as a qualification and service office and later adds production. It hires precision staff locally and abroad through the kennismigrant scheme. Above the BV is the standard holding structure. The R&D rules apply to real development work done here. See the WBSO and the structure.