The advantages of Dubai

Some founders relocate to the United Arab Emirates (UAE) in full, with a residence visa, an apartment and their daily life there. For them, the UAE has a lot to offer. They pay zero personal income tax on salary or dividends. Corporate tax is 9% above the threshold, and qualifying free-zone income is taxed at 0%. Company formation is fast, and the infrastructure is good. The UAE is a good tax residence for a founder whose company sells outside the EU.

Points that are often missed

EU access: a UAE company that sells to EU consumers handles VAT from outside the EU, through a non-Union registration. Enterprise buyers also want a contract partner inside the EU. With a Dutch BV (besloten vennootschap, the Dutch private limited company), you file one OSS return, and customers deal with an EU company. Checks by banks and partners: banks, payment providers and purchasing teams know the Dutch BV well. For a company from the Gulf, they do extra checks, and these can take weeks. Selling the company: under the Dutch participation exemption, your holding receives the gain from a sale untaxed. The UAE lacks a similar rule.

Where you live and manage the company

Where you live is the most important factor. If you live in the Netherlands and manage a Dubai company from your home, that company is Dutch for tax purposes. The 0% then stops applying. The same risk applies to any company that is managed from another country. See Estonia vs the Netherlands and managing a Dutch BV remotely. If you relocate to Dubai in full, the analysis is different. You then decide whether you also need a Dutch company for your European revenue.

The bookkeeping can be handed over while you live abroad. On bookkeeping in the Netherlands you can read what you send, what is filed for you and what you get back.

Three structures that work

If you live in Europe and sell in Europe, use the Dutch BV with a solo holding. If you live in the UAE and sell outside the EU, use a Dubai company that is properly managed there. If you live in the UAE and have serious EU revenue, use a UAE parent company with a Dutch operating BV for Europe. Each company then needs real substance where it is based. Avoid a fourth approach. Some founders live in one country, set up the company in another and hope the question of where decisions are made stays unasked.