Two margins to know
- Gross margin: revenue minus the direct cost of delivering (materials, subcontractors, payment fees). The rest is available for overhead and profit.
- Net margin: what is left after all costs, including overhead. This is your final profit.
How to calculate gross margin
For each product or service, divide (selling price minus direct costs) by selling price. A service sold for €1,000 with €200 of direct costs has a gross margin of 80%. Track this for each product or service as well as for the business as a whole. You then see which parts of your business make money.
What is a healthy margin?
It depends heavily on the industry. Service businesses often have high gross margins (60% to 90%) but high overhead. Product businesses often have lower gross margins (20% to 50%) but lower overhead. Compare your margin with similar businesses. The number on its own is less important.
The warning signs of thin margins
- You are busy but profit barely grows.
- One small client problem, such as a refund or a delay, costs you a month's profit.
- Every euro is already spent, so investing or hiring is impossible.
Three ways to improve margin
- Raise prices, if your value justifies it.
- Reduce direct costs, by renegotiating suppliers or removing waste.
- Drop low-margin work, so your time goes to the profitable parts.
Measure regularly
Calculate your gross margin at least every quarter, and preferably every month. If you follow your margin over time, you see problems long before they show up in your cash flow. When you notice that your margin is too low, the problem has often been growing for months.
Related questions
You can also read Interim Dividend from a Dutch BV, The WBSO Explained for SMEs and Starters and Crowdfunding for Your Business.