The tariff reality
Thai goods enter at MFN rates, which puts the competitive weight on everything an entity controls: landed-cost efficiency, EU stock, compliance ownership. The FTA under negotiation would add the tariff layer later — onto a structure already running.
Food: Thailand’s kitchen advantage
Processed food, seafood, rice, sauces: EU food law asks for an EU food-business operator and full labelling — roles the BV (besloten vennootschap, the Dutch private limited company) carries once for 27 markets, with reduced VAT rates onward and Article 23 at import. The sector detail: the Thailand sector article.
Automotive components
Thai tier suppliers serve EU lines on the standard playbook: EU counterparty, call-off stock, documented 0% intra-EU invoicing — production in Rayong, presence in Rotterdam’s hinterland.
Setup from Bangkok
100% Thai ownership, remote incorporation per the non-resident route, the cashflow case in the ASEAN cashflow article.