How IOSS works
The seller charges the customer’s local VAT rate at checkout, files one monthly IOSS return, and ships with the IOSS number in the customs data. Customs recognises the number and releases the parcel with the VAT already handled — the end of surprise charges at the door.
The €150 line
IOSS covers consignments with an intrinsic value up to €150. Above that line the shipment follows the regular import route — and there the IOSS versus Article 23 comparison takes over.
Registration from outside the EU
A seller established outside the EU registers for IOSS through an EU intermediary — a role a Dutch fiscal representative fills — or through an own EU entity such as a Dutch BV (besloten vennootschap, the Dutch private limited company), which registers directly.
Marketplaces
Sales through a platform that qualifies as a deemed supplier run on the platform’s IOSS number; the platform collects and files. Direct-to-consumer sales through your own shop run on your own number.
Read next
This question continues in The OSS Return and in The Margin Scheme.