{
    "title": "Holdwise Foreign Business Index: foreign-controlled companies in the Netherlands by country of ultimate control",
    "publisher": {
        "name": "Holdwise B.V.",
        "url": "https://holdwise.nl",
        "city": "Hoofddorp, the Netherlands"
    },
    "page": "https://holdwise.nl/en/foreign-companies-netherlands-index",
    "source": {
        "name": "Statistics Netherlands (CBS), StatLine table 85821NED, Buitenlandse zeggenschap bedrijven in Nederland; kerncijfers, bedrijfstak. Industry B-S excluding O and S94. Counts rounded to multiples of five by CBS.",
        "url": "https://opendata.cbs.nl/statline/#/CBS/nl/dataset/85821NED",
        "cbs_last_update": "2026-09-01"
    },
    "as_of": "2026-09-16",
    "year": 2023,
    "comparison_year": 2021,
    "license": "Open data. Source: CBS StatLine 85821NED; compiled by Holdwise (holdwise.nl).",
    "csv": "https://holdwise.nl/foreign-companies-netherlands-data?format=csv",
    "totals": {
        "companies_netherlands_2023": 2303025,
        "foreign_controlled_2023": 19115,
        "foreign_controlled_2021": 17510,
        "eu_controlled_2023": 8880,
        "eu_controlled_2021": 8135,
        "non_eu_controlled_2023": 10235,
        "non_eu_controlled_2021": 9375,
        "offshore_financial_centres_2023": 370,
        "persons_employed_foreign_controlled_2023": 1331000,
        "persons_employed_all_companies_2023": 8666000,
        "turnover_foreign_controlled_mln_eur_2023": 1054730,
        "turnover_all_companies_mln_eur_2023": 2631016
    },
    "countries": [
        {
            "country": "United States",
            "companies_2023": 3685,
            "companies_2021": 3410,
            "growth_pct": 8.1,
            "persons_employed_2023": 292000,
            "turnover_mln_eur_2023": 300216,
            "eu_member": false
        },
        {
            "country": "Germany",
            "companies_2023": 2550,
            "companies_2021": 2515,
            "growth_pct": 1.4,
            "persons_employed_2023": 190000,
            "turnover_mln_eur_2023": 125725,
            "eu_member": true
        },
        {
            "country": "United Kingdom",
            "companies_2023": 2220,
            "companies_2021": 1920,
            "growth_pct": 15.6,
            "persons_employed_2023": 128000,
            "turnover_mln_eur_2023": 184193,
            "eu_member": false
        },
        {
            "country": "Belgium",
            "companies_2023": 2175,
            "companies_2021": 1915,
            "growth_pct": 13.6,
            "persons_employed_2023": 87000,
            "turnover_mln_eur_2023": 26949,
            "eu_member": true
        },
        {
            "country": "France",
            "companies_2023": 1120,
            "companies_2021": 1035,
            "growth_pct": 8.2,
            "persons_employed_2023": 193000,
            "turnover_mln_eur_2023": 81404,
            "eu_member": true
        },
        {
            "country": "Switzerland",
            "companies_2023": 695,
            "companies_2021": 610,
            "growth_pct": 13.9,
            "persons_employed_2023": 53000,
            "turnover_mln_eur_2023": 55285,
            "eu_member": false
        },
        {
            "country": "Japan",
            "companies_2023": 655,
            "companies_2021": 685,
            "growth_pct": -4.4,
            "persons_employed_2023": 79000,
            "turnover_mln_eur_2023": 57392,
            "eu_member": false
        },
        {
            "country": "Sweden",
            "companies_2023": 615,
            "companies_2021": 530,
            "growth_pct": 16,
            "persons_employed_2023": 57000,
            "turnover_mln_eur_2023": 35852,
            "eu_member": true
        },
        {
            "country": "China",
            "companies_2023": 535,
            "companies_2021": 470,
            "growth_pct": 13.8,
            "persons_employed_2023": 13000,
            "turnover_mln_eur_2023": 12249,
            "eu_member": false
        },
        {
            "country": "Luxembourg",
            "companies_2023": 400,
            "companies_2021": 270,
            "growth_pct": 48.1,
            "persons_employed_2023": 16000,
            "turnover_mln_eur_2023": 6307,
            "eu_member": true
        },
        {
            "country": "Denmark",
            "companies_2023": 355,
            "companies_2021": 355,
            "growth_pct": 0,
            "persons_employed_2023": 23000,
            "turnover_mln_eur_2023": 13059,
            "eu_member": true
        },
        {
            "country": "Italy",
            "companies_2023": 350,
            "companies_2021": 340,
            "growth_pct": 2.9,
            "persons_employed_2023": 14000,
            "turnover_mln_eur_2023": 8555,
            "eu_member": true
        },
        {
            "country": "Ireland",
            "companies_2023": 275,
            "companies_2021": 250,
            "growth_pct": 10,
            "persons_employed_2023": 19000,
            "turnover_mln_eur_2023": 9646,
            "eu_member": true
        },
        {
            "country": "Canada",
            "companies_2023": 265,
            "companies_2021": 250,
            "growth_pct": 6,
            "persons_employed_2023": 17000,
            "turnover_mln_eur_2023": null,
            "eu_member": false
        },
        {
            "country": "Spain",
            "companies_2023": 240,
            "companies_2021": 230,
            "growth_pct": 4.3,
            "persons_employed_2023": 13000,
            "turnover_mln_eur_2023": 9433,
            "eu_member": true
        },
        {
            "country": "Turkey",
            "companies_2023": 240,
            "companies_2021": 175,
            "growth_pct": 37.1,
            "persons_employed_2023": 6000,
            "turnover_mln_eur_2023": 2376,
            "eu_member": false
        },
        {
            "country": "Norway",
            "companies_2023": 235,
            "companies_2021": 200,
            "growth_pct": 17.5,
            "persons_employed_2023": 10000,
            "turnover_mln_eur_2023": 4839,
            "eu_member": false
        },
        {
            "country": "India",
            "companies_2023": 230,
            "companies_2021": 205,
            "growth_pct": 12.2,
            "persons_employed_2023": 21000,
            "turnover_mln_eur_2023": 9844,
            "eu_member": false
        },
        {
            "country": "Austria",
            "companies_2023": 180,
            "companies_2021": 170,
            "growth_pct": 5.9,
            "persons_employed_2023": 13000,
            "turnover_mln_eur_2023": 7603,
            "eu_member": true
        },
        {
            "country": "Singapore",
            "companies_2023": 170,
            "companies_2021": 145,
            "growth_pct": 17.2,
            "persons_employed_2023": null,
            "turnover_mln_eur_2023": 3607,
            "eu_member": false
        },
        {
            "country": "Israel",
            "companies_2023": 165,
            "companies_2021": 165,
            "growth_pct": 0,
            "persons_employed_2023": 6000,
            "turnover_mln_eur_2023": 4190,
            "eu_member": false
        },
        {
            "country": "Finland",
            "companies_2023": 150,
            "companies_2021": 135,
            "growth_pct": 11.1,
            "persons_employed_2023": 8000,
            "turnover_mln_eur_2023": 6742,
            "eu_member": true
        },
        {
            "country": "Taiwan",
            "companies_2023": 145,
            "companies_2021": 140,
            "growth_pct": 3.6,
            "persons_employed_2023": 3000,
            "turnover_mln_eur_2023": 3552,
            "eu_member": false
        },
        {
            "country": "Australia",
            "companies_2023": 125,
            "companies_2021": 120,
            "growth_pct": 4.2,
            "persons_employed_2023": null,
            "turnover_mln_eur_2023": null,
            "eu_member": false
        },
        {
            "country": "Hong Kong",
            "companies_2023": 110,
            "companies_2021": 120,
            "growth_pct": -8.3,
            "persons_employed_2023": 23000,
            "turnover_mln_eur_2023": 6903,
            "eu_member": false
        },
        {
            "country": "South Korea",
            "companies_2023": 105,
            "companies_2021": 90,
            "growth_pct": 16.7,
            "persons_employed_2023": 3000,
            "turnover_mln_eur_2023": 7190,
            "eu_member": false
        },
        {
            "country": "South Africa",
            "companies_2023": 90,
            "companies_2021": 80,
            "growth_pct": 12.5,
            "persons_employed_2023": 4000,
            "turnover_mln_eur_2023": null,
            "eu_member": false
        },
        {
            "country": "Cyprus",
            "companies_2023": 75,
            "companies_2021": 50,
            "growth_pct": 50,
            "persons_employed_2023": 2000,
            "turnover_mln_eur_2023": 448,
            "eu_member": true
        },
        {
            "country": "Poland",
            "companies_2023": 70,
            "companies_2021": 55,
            "growth_pct": 27.3,
            "persons_employed_2023": 1000,
            "turnover_mln_eur_2023": 329,
            "eu_member": true
        },
        {
            "country": "United Arab Emirates",
            "companies_2023": 65,
            "companies_2021": 60,
            "growth_pct": 8.3,
            "persons_employed_2023": 2000,
            "turnover_mln_eur_2023": 1488,
            "eu_member": false
        },
        {
            "country": "Portugal",
            "companies_2023": 50,
            "companies_2021": 45,
            "growth_pct": 11.1,
            "persons_employed_2023": 1000,
            "turnover_mln_eur_2023": 252,
            "eu_member": true
        },
        {
            "country": "Czechia",
            "companies_2023": 50,
            "companies_2021": 40,
            "growth_pct": 25,
            "persons_employed_2023": 1000,
            "turnover_mln_eur_2023": null,
            "eu_member": true
        },
        {
            "country": "Brazil",
            "companies_2023": 45,
            "companies_2021": 40,
            "growth_pct": 12.5,
            "persons_employed_2023": 1000,
            "turnover_mln_eur_2023": null,
            "eu_member": false
        },
        {
            "country": "Russia",
            "companies_2023": 45,
            "companies_2021": 60,
            "growth_pct": -25,
            "persons_employed_2023": 1000,
            "turnover_mln_eur_2023": 995,
            "eu_member": false
        },
        {
            "country": "Malaysia",
            "companies_2023": 40,
            "companies_2021": 45,
            "growth_pct": -11.1,
            "persons_employed_2023": 1000,
            "turnover_mln_eur_2023": 920,
            "eu_member": false
        },
        {
            "country": "Hungary",
            "companies_2023": 35,
            "companies_2021": 30,
            "growth_pct": 16.7,
            "persons_employed_2023": 1000,
            "turnover_mln_eur_2023": 267,
            "eu_member": true
        },
        {
            "country": "Lithuania",
            "companies_2023": 35,
            "companies_2021": 25,
            "growth_pct": 40,
            "persons_employed_2023": 0,
            "turnover_mln_eur_2023": null,
            "eu_member": true
        },
        {
            "country": "Mexico",
            "companies_2023": 35,
            "companies_2021": 30,
            "growth_pct": 16.7,
            "persons_employed_2023": 1000,
            "turnover_mln_eur_2023": 838,
            "eu_member": false
        },
        {
            "country": "Iceland",
            "companies_2023": 30,
            "companies_2021": 20,
            "growth_pct": 50,
            "persons_employed_2023": 3000,
            "turnover_mln_eur_2023": 1115,
            "eu_member": false
        },
        {
            "country": "Malta",
            "companies_2023": 30,
            "companies_2021": 20,
            "growth_pct": 50,
            "persons_employed_2023": 0,
            "turnover_mln_eur_2023": 22,
            "eu_member": true
        },
        {
            "country": "New Zealand",
            "companies_2023": 30,
            "companies_2021": 25,
            "growth_pct": 20,
            "persons_employed_2023": null,
            "turnover_mln_eur_2023": null,
            "eu_member": false
        },
        {
            "country": "Bulgaria",
            "companies_2023": 25,
            "companies_2021": 15,
            "growth_pct": 66.7,
            "persons_employed_2023": 0,
            "turnover_mln_eur_2023": 12,
            "eu_member": true
        },
        {
            "country": "Romania",
            "companies_2023": 25,
            "companies_2021": 10,
            "growth_pct": 150,
            "persons_employed_2023": 0,
            "turnover_mln_eur_2023": 37,
            "eu_member": true
        },
        {
            "country": "Estonia",
            "companies_2023": 20,
            "companies_2021": 20,
            "growth_pct": 0,
            "persons_employed_2023": 0,
            "turnover_mln_eur_2023": 72,
            "eu_member": true
        },
        {
            "country": "Thailand",
            "companies_2023": 20,
            "companies_2021": 20,
            "growth_pct": 0,
            "persons_employed_2023": 1000,
            "turnover_mln_eur_2023": null,
            "eu_member": false
        },
        {
            "country": "Saudi Arabia",
            "companies_2023": 15,
            "companies_2021": 15,
            "growth_pct": 0,
            "persons_employed_2023": 4000,
            "turnover_mln_eur_2023": 10240,
            "eu_member": false
        },
        {
            "country": "Greece",
            "companies_2023": 15,
            "companies_2021": 15,
            "growth_pct": 0,
            "persons_employed_2023": 0,
            "turnover_mln_eur_2023": 28,
            "eu_member": true
        },
        {
            "country": "Liechtenstein",
            "companies_2023": 15,
            "companies_2021": 15,
            "growth_pct": 0,
            "persons_employed_2023": null,
            "turnover_mln_eur_2023": null,
            "eu_member": false
        },
        {
            "country": "Morocco",
            "companies_2023": 15,
            "companies_2021": 10,
            "growth_pct": 50,
            "persons_employed_2023": 0,
            "turnover_mln_eur_2023": 31,
            "eu_member": false
        },
        {
            "country": "Jersey",
            "companies_2023": 15,
            "companies_2021": 35,
            "growth_pct": -57.1,
            "persons_employed_2023": null,
            "turnover_mln_eur_2023": null,
            "eu_member": false
        },
        {
            "country": "Slovakia",
            "companies_2023": 15,
            "companies_2021": 15,
            "growth_pct": 0,
            "persons_employed_2023": null,
            "turnover_mln_eur_2023": null,
            "eu_member": true
        }
    ]
}